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First meeting on the new book in our book club: “Stories of hope: reimagining education”

Yesterday, we started our second book club (read about the first one here), this time on “Stories of hope: reimagining education” by Abegglen et al. (2025). We chose that book because we felt that it is so easy to feel overwhelmed in the jobs that we are in, and especially when doing that working on Teaching for Sustainability, so we wanted to read something uplifting, yet helping us on our way forward. The book is a collection of short(ish) visions for the education of the future, collected under several main topics (like systems change or creative curriculum). Yesterday, we started easy and just took the first story in the collection to read and discuss:

Inverting the distribution of Higher Education: From top-down to student-led (Heller and Leeder, 2025)

Heller and Leeder (2025) propose a vision of education that resonates very much with me personally. They want education to be distributed and inclusive, meaning in their case that open-access courses are offered by universities (where the academics contributing to develop and run the courses would gain “academic rewards” through some sort of peer-review system, which would be valued like research rewards) and students would access the courses online, receive guidance from a mentor affiliated with the course, possibly in a local hub, and receive points that are given and accepted by the network of partner universities. They start their chapter with fictional quotes of what stakeholders would say, for example students about how they can flexibly access quality education from anywhere (meaning they can choose to move to or stay wherever they want to live, and reduce the carbon footprint that would come with commuting), but still have the social component in a local hub. But also for the academics, this model would feel more rewarding, both because they can contribute to a meaningful project and live their creativity and collegiality, and because their contribution would be valued by their students and their employers. What’s not to love?

One question that I brought up was if “micro credits” for lots of small courses that students choose freely might just not be enough if we want people to dive into complex topics over a long period of time (but then nobody says that you cannot have both). But will people still want to work towards their Bildung/bildning when the path isn’t prescribed by some authority? Everybody yesterday seemed to agree that there are certainly people who would still strive to continuously learn and be better (and in a way we are all examples of that, giving up our lunch break for a book club), but maybe especially young students who have not learned how to learn yet might need some form of guidance (turning the gaze and redirecting students’ attention is, after all, the most important task of a teacher, according to Biesta!), which is not described in that chapter. And of course there might be some types of education where having a real “program” might still be a good idea (for example in medicine, where one would hope that future doctors do some things not just virtually but under the in-person supervision of experienced doctors…).

One thing I was a bit surprised by was how much the other participants of yesterday’s discussion did not like online learning (while we were in an online book club, that still seemed to be rewarding, and that we were running online to cut down on commuting times for everybody) and wanted the physical meeting with students. Whereas for me, the local hubs do a lot of the work in the vision described above (although that’s more in my head than described in that vision). But all those teachers that develop all these creative and exciting courses have to live somewhere, too, so some of them might also be “mentors” in those hubs. To me, it seems really appealing to be sitting in some remote place with beautiful nature, develop courses on topics that I am passionate about, but also meet with the local community to mentor and coach people as they make their way through this much bigger educational landscape. I imagine it would be so enriching to mentor students in subjects that are very different from mine, while they get the specific disciplinary input and feedback remotely from someone else.

In a way, I feel like I have already seen glimpses of this model come to life, for example with the Contemporary Approaches to University Teaching MOOC, which is a co-created and peer-reviewed project, now open and free to attend for teachers worldwide, where you can pick different paths and gain some kind of certificate along the way, too. It is also the vision that we have for our MOOC — for it to be open to, and without costs for anyone, bringing together a network of colleagues as contributors, with guidance that we provide for motivated teachers or academic developers to easily facilitate online and local communities.

Reading this chapter felt inspiring, and discussing it with colleagues to hear about their visions for the future of education and maybe in the longer run create a shared vision feels re-energizing. Do you want to join the book club next time? We will be all reading one or more chapters of part 1 (everybody can choose for themselves which chapter(s) to read), and then discuss systems change more broadly. Join our Teams for more information!

P.S.: Last night, I had a conversation about a specific online learning platform — “try hack me” — with someone who has been maintaining a streak on that platform for quite a while and is always super motivated to return and work more on it. So I wondered: What is it that makes learning on that platform so much fun? The platform offers (paid) certificates (maybe similar to the micro credits described in the chapter above, although judging from the description of the requirements that does not sound “micro”, but quite substantial…) but also public profiles that could of course shared in an application or with a boss, a leader board that you can filter by country, different levels with cool names like “wizard” or “legend”, but also monthly leagues where you can compete on how many points you collect during a specific month and not just points overall (which might be very demotivating if you start and are then competing with people who have been working on it for years). But my impression was that the main appeal is that it is the right level of challenging, that you get to do real tasks to show your learning and not just answer MCQs, that the topics are just super interesting (and there is a lot of choice not just between different pathways but also between different rooms within each pathway). So there are good examples of online learning out there (that people return to over years!) that we can look to for inspiration and learn from!


Abegglen, S., Heller, R. F., Madhok, R., Neuhaus, F., Sandars, J., Sinfield, S., & Gitanjali Singh, U. (2025). Stories of hope: reimagining education. https://www.openbookpublishers.com/books/10.11647/obp.0462

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New Strategy for Education for Lund University 2025-2027

Photo with flowers and bee, in the background Lund University main building.

The Strategy for Education, approved just before summer, builds on the university’s strategic platform. It deepens the prioritised areas highlighted in the platform and makes it more specific for education. The strategy is operationalised through the Education Board’s annual plans and is available in English and Swedish. Below, I provide a summary focusing on the parts that concern sustainability specifically.

The platform has three overarching themes – sustainability, innovation, and digitalisation – and sustainability is highlighted throughout the education strategy as well. The education strategy highlights five core values:

  1. Academic freedom
  2. Democracy
  3. Training
  4. Equal opportunities
  5. Sustainability

All five core values could be seen as important in achieving a sustainable future and a university that works for sustainability. Academic freedom has to do with protecting the core of academia and that no external force should dictate research or education. Democracy and equal opportunities are core values in any sustainable future and part of the Agenda 2030. “Training” – translated from “bildning” in the Swedish version with its equivalent “Bildung” in German, makes me think of sustainability competencies and what we mean by being competent. While we generally think of sustainability competencies as something that we can train – otherwise there would not be much point in writing about it – they also often lean towards something more innate as well – an inner quality that not only requires training but a degree of personal growth and maturing.

For sustainability specifically, the strategy states that:

“We integrate sustainability into our education, research and support activities in order to contribute to a sustainable future for later generations. Lund University is an attractive, secure and sustainable workplace in which the teaching staff are given the conditions to conduct excellent education and opportunities for professional development” (Strategy for Education: Lund University 2025-2027, p. 3).

It further argues that geopolitical uncertainties, climate change and other challenges mean that education, competence development and lifelong learning will be increasingly important. The Education Strategy builds on the strategic platform of the university (2025-2027), which, unsurprisingly then, has a similar message: “Students […] need to be able to navigate in a geopolitically complex world with major issues to deal with such as climate change. The extensive societal challenges and the uncertain future regarding the labour market’s needs require students not only to obtain specialised knowledge but also broad, generic knowledge that can be augmented as required” (Platform for Strategic Work: Lund University 2025-2027, p. 6). The Strategy for Education specifically mentions existential sustainability and that education can help build existential sustainability. Here, the strategy touches on a potential challenge and balancing act: while it is important that education at Lund University is flexible and can be adapted to society’s needs, it also needs to be robust and grounded in science. The strategy does not elaborate further on how to potentially negotiate between the extensive timeframes of science with the much more volatile and quickly changing societal and political landscape.

Looking at career paths, the strategy speaks of the importance of teaching as part of academic career progression and teaching staff is encouraged to pursue continuous professional development.

When it comes to direct impacts from education, the strategy highlights that intercultural aspects are important – both in terms of course content but also in terms of international experiences for both students and staff. Internationalisation is a common trade-off for higher education institutions as this often means airborne travels and increased emissions. However, the strategy emphasises opportunities for travel-free international experiences for instance through international course collaborations.

It will be interesting to follow the work by the Board of Education and how the strategy gets operationalised through its annual plans!

21/10/2025

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“Higher Education Didactics for Sustainability” Spring 2026 now open for registration!

The registration for the course Higher Education Didactics for Sustainability (HEDS) Spring 2026 is now open!

🧑‍🏫 Open to: Educators or pedagogical developers in higher education

🕰️ Scope: The course is equivalent to 80 hours full-time work, approx. 6 hours/ week, mostly as online collaborative groupwork

📅 Dates: 19 January-29 April 2026

🌐 Place: Online

➡️ Registration and more information: HEDS until 8 December (notification of acceptance on December 22nd)

💶 Course fee: No fee!

The course covers topics like competencies for sustainability, pedagogical approaches, and the role of the university in transforming to a sustainable world, and based on input on those topics, the main focus is on online collaborative group work with colleagues from all over the world.

This is the third year that the initiative “Teaching for Sustainability” is involved in HEDS, last year Terese co-led the topic “connecting with the world and each other”. You can watch a recording of the session here, including a presentation by Marlis Wullenkord, Environmental Psychologist at Lund University,  about eco-emotions and coping strategies in educational settings (we are summarising a different presentation of hers here).

Feedback from participants in previous years is that while this course is very intense, it also offers a supportive community, inspiring exchange of experiences, and deep, transformative conversations, which impact the approach to teaching for sustainability. This is also the impression that both Terese and Mirjam have gotten through their involvement. If you are an earlier participant, you can still (until November 6th) volunteer to contribute as facilitator or co-facilitator here.

If you have questions about the course, please contact terese.thoni@cec.lu.se

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DPSIR – a Tool to Practice Sustainability Competencies with Students

In this 5-minute presentation (link to video below), Sara Gabrielsson, senior lecturer at LUCSUS, presents the DPSIR-framework with examples for each part. The framework was developed by the European Environment Agency and can be used to analyse causes and effects of environmental problems.

DPSIR stands for: Drivers, Pressures, State, Impacts and Responses:

  • Drivers can come from different economic sectors or human activities that fulfill a need in our society. They can be identified on an individual level (e.g. food and entertainment) and a collective level (e.g. transportation and agriculture).
  • These drivers cause pressure on the environment through various production or consumption processes. Examples of pressures include increased use of natural resources and land-use change such as deforestation.
  • The pressure in turn affects the state of the environment. This state is a combination of all the physical, chemical, biological, and epidemiological conditions of a specific place and they include components that can be measured such as the quality of air, water or soil.
  • The changes in the state of the environment impacts the functioning of ecosystems, with consequences for the system’s ecological sustainability, economic stability and social performance.
  • To deal with these oftentimes undesired impacts policy makers or other societal actors can implement different types of responses directed towards any part of the chain between drivers to impacts, such as efforts to reduce emissions.

The DPSIR-framework could, inter alia, be used in workshops to kick start a discussion and data collection or be used as an analytical tool in theses or reflection papers. Given its process-oriented construction, it is one hands-on example of an activity that trains several sustainability competencies including systems-thinking and anticipatory-thinking (you can read more about sustainability competencies for instance in this paper by Redman & Wiek 2022: Frontiers | Competencies for Advancing Transformations Towards Sustainability).

The framework was developed to analyse environmental problems, but with some tweaking, perhaps it could be used for other types of sustainability problems. What do you think? Have you used this framework in your teaching? Let us know in the comments – it would be great to collect examples, experiences and hints and tips!

Watch Sara’s presentation here: Sara Gabrielsson: Analyzing human-environment interactions using DPSIR – YouTube

The presentation was developed as part of the course Universities and the Agenda 2030 – teaching, learning and acting on the Sustainable Development Goals. You can access the course as a self-study compendium here, with further videos, material and discussion questions: Universites and the Agenda 2030.pdf

Photo credit: Ann Åkerman

01/10/2025

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Poetry for Sustainability?

Today, we tried a new format of our “Transformation Thursdays” (come-as-you-are informal lunch meetings where colleagues who are interested in Teaching for Sustainability can join us to chat about Teaching for Sustainability. No preparation required, but you are welcome to bring questions and topics if you like!) — first of all, it was a Wednesday, and second of all, today we had a topic: “Poetry for Sustainability”.

For today’s meeting, Ellen Turner and Barbara Barrow from the Centre for Languages and Literature here at Lund University suggested we read two poems: Wallace Stevens’ “Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird”, and Craig Santos Perez “Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Glacier (after Wallace Stevens)”. And that was so interesting!

We talked about a lot of different aspects: How in the first verse in one poem everything is still and only the eye is moving, the perception of the world is changing, whereas in the other one the glaciers are collapsing but nothing moves to do something about it. How the ending, “The glacier fits In our warm-hands” is so powerful and touching. How for some people glaciers and polar bears are so far removed from their realities that they are difficult to relate to. And how we could use poetry in our Teaching for Sustainability. I think asking people to write poetry to express thoughts is, similar to the six-word stories that we currently use a lot in focus group interviews, a great method to help people get to the point. It emboldens them to be very clear in their language, because they have the excuse that they “had to” in such a short form.

We also talked about many other topics, and I always get a lot of energy from talking with people who want to make a difference! So I think this was very successful, and I look forward to doing something similar again soon!

A group of teachers meeting around a lunch table to discuss poetry

Are you curious? Here is a reading list recommended by Ellen and Barbara:

Colbert, J (1998)  “Eye of the Blackbird” from The Thirteen Ways Series: https://www.joancolbert.com/gallery/prints/thirteenways/index.htm

Illingworth, S., & Jack, K. (2024). Poetry and pedagogy in higher education: A creative approach to teaching, learning and research. Policy Press. https://doi.org/10.56687/9781447372301

Kleppe, S. L., & Sorby, A. (Eds.). (2022). Poetry and Sustainability in Education. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95576-2

Perez, Craig Santos. “Recycling Poetry in a Time of Climate Change.” Asian American Writers’ Workshop, 30 Mar. 2023, https://aaww.org/recycling-poetry-in-a-time-of-climate-change/

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“Addressing students’ eco-anxiety when teaching sustainability in higher education”, inspired by Eriksson et al. (2022)

It is extremely common that we experience strong emotions around climate change and all the other crises in the world (see our earlier blogposts on climate emotions and the typical process from being unaware, through shock, to coping with climate anxiety).

Some or all of these emotions are likely to come up for out students, too — because of topics in the courses we teach, or because they are informed citizens, in our classes or outside. Below I share a summary of Eriksson et al. (2022), who write about “Addressing students’ eco-anxiety when teaching sustainability in higher education“. In the paper, Eriksson et al. (2022) analyse their own teaching in computer sciences for how climate anxiety is communicated by students and teachers, what support students receive, and come up with a lost of eight suggestions for how educators can work with students’ eco anxiety. I am summarising their list below with my own thoughts added (see also featured image for my fancy(-ish) overview).

Before we start: I am presenting it a bit as a timeline where we start on the left and then work our way towards the right, but of course it is not that simple. Sometimes we have to go back to earlier steps, or sometimes we might skip one or two ahead… And I think the first one will have to be ongoing work forever. That said, here we go!

1. Self-reflection and inner work by the teacher

Eriksson et al. (2022) explain this point saying “In order to be able to support and hold a safe space for the students, the educators need to develop their personal emotional resilience” and describe that this is happening during course development in their case. But what does that mean in practice for other people who might want to do that?

That is, of course, highly individual. I have had drafts of this post — with lots of empty space at this point — for months, because I felt like it would be good to give actionable advice here. But then at some point I realised that the process is the point (yes, I need to keep reminding myself of that), so you’ll just get what I can write right now, and hopefully I can update this at some point in the future! So for me, the “self-reflection and inner work” means going through all the steps below myself — becoming aware of eco-emotions and how common they are, learning about how to cope with them, finding spaces to discuss them, finding ways to ground myself, becoming active in a community, and trying to do their step 8: “Maintaining balance, remembering joy and upholding meaningfulness“. As part of upholding meaningfulness, it meant committing to doing things that not everybody will be happy with all the time (like Webb (2013) nicely writes: “A pedagogy of transformative hope will never hide behind a veil of neutrality and as a consequence will always generate criticism and opposition“).

I am also reading a lot to support this process. The most important book for me has been Venet (2024)’s “Becoming an Everyday Changemaker: Healing and Justice at School” (see summaries here). We read it in our slow reading book club, and many of the lessons have become an integral part in how we talk about our work with my closest colleagues. Also really important, and I am not done thinking, is Servant-Miklos (2024)’s “Pedagogies of collapse. A hopeful education for the end of the world as we know it”. And right now I am some 40 pages into Kahane (2025)’s “Everyday Habits for Transforming Systems: The Catalytic Power of Radical Engagement”, and I am thinking that this would be great as the next book for the slow reading club after summer! Do you have anything else you would recommend?

But assuming we are doing the best we can here and that it just takes time, there are more steps:

2. Validating students’ ecological emotions and experiences of eco-anxiety

Eriksson et al. (2022) write that “[t]he educators should […] acknowledge the existence of eco-anxiety since this can alleviate ethical and power issues […]“, but don’t really explain how that would work, and I am also not really sure what that means other than sounding good. But what I think should happen in this step is to describe the kind of emotions people commonly experience and show the prevalence of eco-anxiety (see for example my blogpost on Marlis’ presentation about eco-emotions for some numbers). It could also be an idea do to an (anonymous!!) survey in the classroom so students can see that they are not alone with their emotions, even though they might not have talked about eco-emotions with that specific group of peers. Menti might be a good tool for this, or Microsoft Reflect also has built-in check-ins with feeling monsters!

3. Admitting to feeling difficult emotions ourselves

Of course, we cannot just require of students to share that they experience emotions, but we need to model sharing difficult feelings in order to encourage students to do the same. Here, Eriksson et al. (2022) share a really good idea: They use an “Ask Me Anything”-type teacher panel where teachers are prepared to answer questions (including personal ones) in their function as role models. Questions were submitted through Menti (including “Are you vegan and if not why not?” and on personal experiences dealing with climate anxiety),  and the event was moderated by a PhD student. They perceived an “undertone of frustration or perhaps even anger” from students, which they say could possibly be due to the perceived unfairness that the teacher generation had opportunities, like flying, that the younger generation does not have to the same extent any more. That is a really helpful reminder that if we try something similar, we should emotionally prepare for that type of reactions…

4. Information about coping with eco-anxiety

I think it is important to stress that teachers cannot act as therapists and shouldn’t try to, either. But they should encourage students to seek professional help if they feel that they might benefit from it (and definitely if students experience grave cases of climate anxiety!), and they can definitely share some techniques for how to deal with eco-anxiety both during the course and later on. Learning from a course, in the sense that it is transforming thinking, might not happen during the course but possibly afterwards. Eriksson et al. (2022) describe a student reporting that the message of the course only sank in after the course had ended, when the student was back in their home country with family. Their family had a different background, questioned what the student had learnt, and wasn’t able to emotionally support the sudden eco-anxiety. I would guess that this is something that many families would struggle with, and it also illustrates why it is so difficult to talk about eco anxiety with people who are (or who we suspect might) not be in the same space themselves, and why we need to give our students tools to deal with their own (and possibly even others’) eco-anxiety.

Helpful tools here might be

  • the spiral of silence to explain why it is so difficult to talk about sustainability
  • the process of eco-anxiety to explain the typical sequence from blissful ignorance to rude awakening to climate anxiety to finding ways to cope with it, and talk about how the steps and the coping can be supported

There are also really good resources (unfortunately only in Swedish) by Klimatpsykologerna, for example audio files to guide through eco emotions to understand what they want to tell us, but also workshop templates and much more!

I think it is important that we are explicit about the tools we are using and not “just” apply them, so students know they have them available and can use them when they need them, even if that is only long after the course is over.

5. Opportunities to discuss emotions

We should not rely on students having conversations about emotions outside of class, whether with their peers or families or other people. Instead, if we want to normalise conversations on eco-anxiety, we need to create opportunities and build relationships and peer support.

Eriksson et al. (2022) suggest creating safe spaces. In the graphic above, I annotated it with an asterisk, but here is the longer version of what that is supposed to indicate: While it is a nice ideal, it is impossible to create safe spaces, and we should instead aim for accountable ones. But in any case, we should establish and enforce clear rules of what is acceptable and what is not. And both the rules and enforcement can of course be co-created, but they need to be clear and enforced nevertheless.

Then, we can use pre-planned exercises on discussing emotions (for example using check-ins on Menti or Microsoft Reflect, the blob tree with the Climate Fresk, …) or just inviting students to reflect on their wellbeing at the start of a seminar. On Pihkala’s blog, he suggests reflection questions to work with his process of eco-emotions framework, for example “Where is the line between healthy self-care and problematic distancing, and how is this shaped by the various circumstances in which people live?“. But it is important to neither try to elicit certain emotions, nor force people to verbalise something they aren’t willing to talk about.

One great suggestion by Eriksson et al. (2022) are “discussion seminars”, where each students submits a question to discuss (they write “It should be noted that, in our experience, student-generated questions can be considerably more critical, pointed and provocative than questions we as teachers would dare to pose to a class!“), the teacher edits it down to a list that fits one paper, and then everybody sits in a circle and after a check-in, there is a pair-share discussion of the questions. This seminar is not explicitly about emotions, but when they come up, they are given the space they need. Students are reported to say that they feel they have the room to discuss “their own” questions in those seminars, so it doesn’t just feel like a chore or busy-work.

Another good idea is to make ourselves available to discuss emotions, but of course within reason — teachers are typically not qualified to be therapists, and even if some are, since there is a power dynamic, this is something to be careful with. Eriksson et al. (2022) write they regularly visit a student pub to be available to anyone who wants to have a chat.

Lastly, we can also suggest opportunities for discussions of emotions outside of the course, for example student groups working with sustainability topics.

6. Opportunities for embodied activities

Learning is not just about the brain and we should try to engage the whole person. One recommendation for group work with the climate anxiety process suggested on Pihkala’s blog is to have the process laid out on the floor, to move physically through it, and to reflect on experiences with the different stages. I think this is a really good idea!

Other possible embodied activities are of course also outdoor activities (active lunch break, anyone?) or anything that is exploring the world with our senses and not just sitting still, thinking. Eriksson et al. (2022) describe “forcing” the students to go for an indoor or outdoor walk in pairs to talk about questions they had chosen before (from a list of questions; they used those questions to listen to a guest speaker in a focussed way to answer that specific question. Nice idea!)

7. Collective action

This is about empowering students and giving them a way to not just improve their emotional wellbeing but also the world. Eriksson et al. (2022) write that “while educators might not be able to directly engage students in activism, they can inform students of various ways to engage and work with climate and environmental issues“. Collective action does not necessarily even mean activism (there are lots of ways for nonviolent ways of protest and persuasion!), it can also mean doing something else constructive and meaningful in community, on or off campus, maybe even as part of a course (for example a service-learning project).

8. Maintaining balance, remembering joy and upholding meaningfulness

Here, Eriksson et al. (2022) suggest a more up-beat last lecture to leave students with positive memories, but I find that a bit problematic. I want students to have constructive, not false, hope, so what I think needs to be done here in order to not burn out is to find a balance in the “living with the crisis” part of climate anxiety: combine positive action with emotional engagement (incl. grieving) and self-care (incl. distancing — and of course: dipping and wave watching!). And find ways to integrate playful exploration or other activities that bring joy and connect us to meaning in life.

I tried to find Klimatpsykologerna’s “ice cream image” to show the ingredients to move forward: three scoops of ice cream, “take breaks”, “act together”, “cope with emotions”, which rest embedded in a cup of “social support and community”. Guess not finding that image and having to re-create it myself is as good an excuse as any to go find some ice cream for joy?

These are the 8 steps as suggested by Eriksson et al., 2022. And I do find them quite helpful as a first approach and overview over to how to address students’ eco-anxiety!


Eriksson, E., Peters, A. K., Pargman, D., Hedin, B., Laurell-Thorslund, M., & Sjöö, S. (2022, June). Addressing students’ eco-anxiety when teaching sustainability in higher education. In 2022 International Conference on ICT for Sustainability (ICT4S) (pp. 88-98). IEEE.

Pihkala P. The Process of Eco-Anxiety and Ecological Grief: A Narrative Review and a New Proposal. Sustainability. 2022; 14(24):16628. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416628

Webb, D. (2013). Pedagogies of hope. Studies in Philosophy and Education32, 397-414.

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Pihkala (2022) model for the process of eco-anxiety

Following up on the recent post about eco-emotions, the model by Pihkala (2022) can be helpful when thinking and talking about eco-anxiety.

There are three main phases that are run through one after the other: Before awareness of the problem, then a strong anxiety and deep depression phase of coping and changing, and lastly living with the crisis.

Before. This phase consists of several steps. After the bliss of “unknowing”, of not being aware of the problem, which I visualise with a crib, comes a phase of semi-consciousness where people are aware that there is something but try to ignore it (like that alarm clock we try to ignore or snooze — this cognitive dissonance can be really unhealthy), but at some point we do wake up and then the enormity of the crisis hits us like a tsunami.

Strong anxiety and depression; coping and changing. Here, three modes co-exist: action (taking constructive action like joining demonstrations in order to swim and not sink), grieving (which can include also other emotions, like anger to not being able to experience a lifestyle like the parent generation did, and dealing with them for example in discussion groups) and distancing (which can be positive self-care like taking a day off from news, or negative avoidance like never looking at news to be able to live in denial — putting the head in the sand (or, in my picture, diving deep down)).

Through a process of adjustment and transformation, we lastly reach a stage where we can live with the crisis, and while there is a potential for anxiety and depression. The three modes here are similar to the ones in the previous phase, except that now they are conscious more explicitly managed by, for example, making sure that there is some engagement with emotions, and that self-care is constructive.

On their blog, Pihkala suggests a couple of reflection questions when using the model, e.g.  “Where is the line between healthy self-care and problematic distancing, and how is this shaped by the various circumstances in which people live?“. This is a very interesting discussion that also came up in Marlis’ presentation about eco-emotions in relation to mindfulness. Pihkala also suggests a group activity where the different phases are laid out on the floor and participants move from phase to phase and reflect on their experiences and emotions with that phase.

I think this model can be very helpful when talking with students, acknowledging that eco-anxiety is very common (in her presentation, Marlis gave us some numbers…), and suggesting that there is a typical sequence of types of experiences and actions. It also helps to motivate any activities we might want to offer to deal with eco-anxiety — since it is such a common phenomenon, there is actually some experience on what can help with the “process of adjustment and transformation”, and there are also many suggestion for how to constructively deal with the three modes in the “living with the crisis” stage.


Pihkala P. The Process of Eco-Anxiety and Ecological Grief: A Narrative Review and a New Proposal. Sustainability. 2022; 14(24):16628. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416628

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Summary of Marlis Wullenkord’s presentation on eco-emotions

Back in April, the the Environmental Politics Research Group (EPRG) at Lund University and the Research Group on Green Politics (REGROUP) at the University of Copenhagen co-organised a workshop on “How to deal with climate anxiety as teachers and researchers?”. As part of that, Marlis Wullenkord, Associate Senior Lecturer in Environmental Psychology, gave a presentation on eco emotions, which I will try and summarise below.

Emotions in general consist of a subjective experience, and can be expressed both in behaviour and in physiological responses. They serve to direct our attention and orient perception, and — given some degree of emotional literacy to put words to and make sense of what we are feeling — provide us with information about both our inner and the outer world. Contradictory emotions can co-exist, and there are many different strategies to cope with emotions.

Eco-anxiety includes emotions like anger, shame, grief, guilt, sadness, powerlessness, worry, and others. While some see it as a pathological condition that needs treatment, others see is as reasonable response to an existential threat. But in any case, eco-anxiety is very common:

  • Worldwide, 80% of young people report feeling at least moderately worried about climate change. This is highest for women, indigenous populations, people from the global south. 45% of young people worldwide report that the worries have impact on functioning, for example causing trouble sleeping or dealing with social situations.
  • For Swedish high school students,  worry levels significantly increased from 2010 to 2020. Worries are highest when thinking about future generations, animals and nature, and people in poor countries, and not as high relating to oneself or friends and family. But preliminary data from this year and last year indicates that the worry levels might now be back to values comparable to 2010, but it is unclear why that is the case.
  • For German adults, a study investigated climate anxiety in terms of thoughts and emotions, and impairment. While there are people that score high or low on all, for part of the population there is a disconnect where they score high on thoughts and emotions, but low on impairment, so that would be an interesting population to investigate coping strategies! Generally, younger people tend to be more anxious (more impacted in the long run combined with less influence over their future because of roles and representation, and “more vulnerable to social construction to silence” — see also my interpretation of the Spiral of Silence, I believe that is a very real problem!), and women are more likely to be anxious. But interestingly, the most impaired group tends to be male (possibly because expressing emotions and coping with emotions is very gendered — men generally have less access to validating contexts for support?)! But the study also finds that the most impaired are at the same time the most connected with nature, so “connecting with nature” does not seem to work as a coping strategy.

Coping efforts and strategies to manage stressful experiences can be focussed on coping with the actual emotion, on dealing with the problem that is causing the emotion, or with finding meaning behind the emotions. A different study investigated the influence of mindfulness and integrative emotion regulation. They found that awareness and accepting of emotions are buffers that can keep anxiety from turning into an impairment, but they found no relation to activism (e.g. signing a partition, occupying an airport; the study didn’t look at private sphere actions how participants’ own behaviour influences carbon footprint etc). On the other hand, integration of emotion (I feel anxious, I am aware of it) into the sense of self (what does it mean about me, about the world, what can I do with that?) makes people more likely to lead activism, but there is no relation with impairment.

One result from many studies was that talking about uncomfortable emotions is really important. In a study from Sweden, 75% of respondents report talking about climate change more than once a month, 40% once a week or more. In that same study, 1/3rd of the participants reports talking about their emotions in at least half of their conversations, 1/4 almost never. But talking is related to more anxiety and more emotions, and that to more pro-environmental actions. And interestingly, experiencing empathy when talking about climate anxiety enables pro-environmental action further. So, as Marlis suggests, empathy training might be a possible intervention method. In any case, emotional literacy, being able to name your emotions, seems to help with mental health. So we should encourage emotional expression and meet them in others with empathy!

What is really not helping, though, is distancing oneself from climate anxiety, for example because of wanting to be objective and look at facts (like many teachers still teach — and, concerningly, this one correlates with weaker tendencies for collective action and policy support!), or because expressing anxiety is discouraged (again, as many teachers still teach), or because people avoid thinking about climate in everyday life. The latter two are actually correlated with higher impairment!

But there is also positive distancing: taking breaks, slowing down with purpose. Marlis shared Klimatpsykologerna’s “ice cream image” for how to cope with climate anxiety: three scoops of ice cream, “take breaks”, “act together”, “cope with emotions” rest embedded in a cup of “social support and community”.

So where do we go from here?

Emotional awareness is critical, and Marlis recommends to integrate emotional literacy tools in teacher training (btw, klimatpsykologerna also have a cool method data base [in Swedish]), give teachers time and resources, and to create space for institutional discussions and policies on how to confront climate anxiety. She says that “anxiety is often about inactivity of powerful actors” (my emphasis, because that resonated with me so much). Powerful institutions, like universities, should acknowledge their responsibility, act in responsible ways, and in that way help fight the problem directly, while also reduce anxiety by showing that they are taking the problem seriously and are doing something about it. And — side note — this signal is not only important for people that struggle with climate anxiety — there is also the other end of the spectrum where the paradigm that universities are institutions of rationality keeps them from taking the problem seriously themselves (because if it was really such a big deal, wouldn’t there be rules in place that I need to learn about it and include it in my teaching, since as a rational place, universities are probably as close to perfect as it gets?). So even more important that universities take action!

Marlis also shared some advice for teachers: Work to increase your own, and your students’, emotional literacy. What are emotions for? What can they tell us? How can we work with them? And she shared that in a study, even 8-year-olds say that they would rather be told the truth than white lies. So put trust in your students, be truthful about “the facts” but also about how they personally affect you. Leaving things out, or making them sound less scary, is not the way forward!

Lastly, Terese shared a piece of advice that our colleague Steven Curtis (who we miss a lot!) has taught us for dealing with climate anxiety: give space for and validate the emotions, embody them (for example through art), and then encourage action!

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A “Teaching for Sustainability” Bingo

Ideally, we would approach Teaching for Sustainability holistically, but sometimes small pockets of time are all we get. This Bingo might help you look at your teaching from slightly different perspectives, and over time, small tweaks done with a “plus one” approach can also build up to substantial changes.

We have developed the Bingo card as a playful approach to thinking about Teaching for Sustainability. Maybe the prompts remind you of an idea that you once had but that somehow never got implemented, or they inspire you to dig a little and find inspiration from colleagues or the literature, or to come up with something new. Or maybe you get sidetracked and work on doing something completely different that benefits your teaching. Any way the Bingo card contributes to thoughts about teaching is a good way!

We would love to hear from you: Do you have suggestions for prompts we should add? Any other comments?

P.S.: Here are my instructions for how to develop a Bingo to use in your own teaching!

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Is concern about sustainability a good reason not to use Generative AI? A guest post by Rachel Forsyth

It’s part of my job as an educational developer at Lund University to talk about Generative AI (GenAI) tools and their place in education. The university provides a couple of GenAI tools for all staff and students, and we need to explain what they do and what impact they may have on teaching, learning, and examination (assessment). Something I hear often from colleagues is that “We shouldn’t use GenAI because it is an environmental disaster.”   

I think there are plenty of things to consider when deciding whether or not to use GenAI tools: accuracy, fairness, bias, integrity, security, data privacy, and of course the environmental impact is another very important factor. But I don’t hear that statement in relation to the use of other digital tools. Are GenAI tools a lot worse? I have tried to find out, but it isn’t easy for someone who is not a specialist in sustainability or environmental impacts.  

GAI tools (and all other AI tools) are trained by comparing vast quantities of data (non-technical explanation, but I think it is sufficient for this purpose!). This needs a lot of computing power, which in turn means a lot of cooling of computer equipment, which uses a lot of water (Ekin, 2019), as well as increased environmental impact from the manufacture and disposal of the computers themselves. The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has recommended a set of approaches to measure and monitor the costs of AI (OECD, 2022), to help governments with policy-making. That could be useful in the longer term to provide a basis for data for non-specialist people like me, but I can’t use that kind of tool myself.  

Bashir et al (2024) make a really good case for systematic and targeted development of GenAI so that the selected areas for further work are worthwhile, and not just novel. Unfortunately, research in this area is mostly funded by for-profit organisations, so voices asking for selective development may not be heard very strongly. Commercial organisations are also reticent about sharing relevant data about the energy and water use of their GenAI systems, and this lack of transparency makes it difficult to calculate the environmental impact of both training the models and making individual requests. And whilst we know that the training part uses a lot of computing power, we don’t know much about general use of these tools to generate outputs to regular queries. 

During 2025, we have started to get some estimates of impact, based on informed guesses by researchers. Jon Ippolito (2025) has made a set of nine “guesses based on incomplete and often contradictory sources.” which tries to compare GenAI use with other common applications. In decreasing energy use order, he offers these comparisons, which include the energy use in Wh (Watt hours) and water use in litres:  

Energy use Water use Type of activity 
1000 Wh    4 L hour-long Zoom call with 10 people 
200 Wh  .8 L  hour-long video streamed on a big TV 
30 Wh  120 cc  generating a page with an online chatbot 
20 Wh  80 cc  charging a smartphone 
6 Wh  24 cc  generating an image online 
3 Wh  12 cc  generating a sentence with an online chatbot 
.3 Wh  1 cc  one non-AI Google search 
.01 Wh  .04 cc Generating text with a local chatbot [installed on your local computer] 

(table redrawn from the article) 

Fairly similar estimates are made in a MIT Technology Review article by James O’Donnell and Casey Crownhart (2025). They also complain about the lack of transparency from companies and suggest that low-scale use is not more troublesome than other things that we may do online, but that the widespread incorporation of AI in everyday software may have a significant multiplier effect. MIT Technology Review has a whole series of articles on AI and energy use, if you are interested in following this up further.  

I think the main thing I take away from this is that we aren’t curious enough about our everyday use of digital tools. I think I knew, vaguely, that streaming videos and online meetings are quite heavy users of computer processing power, and thus have an environmental impact, but I didn’t realise how much it was compared to standard internet searches or even GenAI use. I had definitely read in a newspaper somewhere that creating images with GenAI is very resource-intensive, but it doesn’t seem worse than generating large amounts of text, from these figures.  

There are plenty of reasons to be cautious about GenAI tools, and we should apply that thinking to all our decisions as users and consumers of digital tools and information.  

Note: This is an edited version of some material in our free Canvas course for teachers at Lund University. No GenAI tools were used in writing this post, but I don’t know how much energy my normal Office installation uses.

Author: Rachel Forsyth, Educational developer, Unit for Educational Services, Lund University

Featured image: “Professors see no evil”, generated by Copilot, May 2024

References 

Bashir, N., Donti, P., Cuff, J., Sroka, S., Ilic, M., Sze, V., Delimitrou, C., & Olivetti, E. (2024). The Climate and Sustainability Implications of Generative AI.  

Ekin, A. (2019). AI can help us fight climate change. But it has an energy problem, too. Horizon: The EU Research and Innovation Magazine.  

Ippolito, J. (2025). AI’s impact on energy and water usage v 1.8. University of Maine. Retrieved 07/07/25 from https://ai-impact-risk.com/ai_energy_water_impact.html 

O’Donnell, J., & Crownhart, C. (2025). We did the math on AI’s energy footprint. Here’s the story you haven’t heard. MIT Technology Review.  

OECD. (2022). Measuring the environmental impacts of artificial intelligence compute and applications. OECD. https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/content/paper/7babf571-en 

 

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The process is the point — reflections about our Teaching for Sustainability book club

During the spring, a handful of people interested in Teaching for Sustainability met to discuss the book “Becoming an Everyday Changemaker: Healing and Justice at School” by Venet (2024). We intentionally set out to do a slow reading of the book — reading the three parts over three months to discuss in one meeting each — to give us the time to read and think, not least about the implications of what we read on our own work.

About the book

First off: This is not a book about teaching for sustainability, yet it is the book that we needed to teach for sustainability. While in some parts very clearly written in a US context and for schools rather than universities and thus not directly applicable to our context, we loved so many of the insights shared there. One of the main messages, “the process is the point” — see also the title of this post, really resonated and has stuck with us. It matters how we do change, and how we approach the change process needs to be a reflection the desired outcomes already. It is so easy to feel overwhelmed in the face of all the work that there is to do for us (in the book with a focus on justice and healing, for us with one on sustainability, but maybe those are one and the same?), and the book carefully explains that we need to move with urgency while also moving slowly and carefully — sustainable — enough to not unintentionally break something along the way, neither around us nor within us. It also really highlights the importance of connecting with people that are unlike us, and working with them rather than for them (or against them) to fix the system. I wrote summaries of the three parts in preparation for the three meetings in case you want to get a quick look (Part 1, part 2, and part 3). But I really recommend reading the real thing, it is an empowering read with lots of deep thoughts and at the same time many practical tips!

About the conversations

I (Mirjam) initially suggested the book because I had started reading it and felt that my work with Steven and Terese on this, our initiative Teaching for Sustainability, would really benefit from many of the insights. I was initially thinking about practical things, like “harbour days”, i.e. days where we all gather to share resources and know-how to work on shared projects together or help each other out with individual tasks. But it quickly became clear that the book gave us a shared language for things that were difficult if not impossible to express before, and helped us shape our work not just on a practical level, but also more generally in how we approach it and the many conflicts that are inherent in what we are trying to do within a system that existed long before us.

About the future

We are planning more book clubs after the summer (starting of with a poetry lunch!). More information on this very soon, and if you have any suggestions we would love to hear from you!

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Some practical examples from a grassroot initiative for teaching circularity and sustainability

Funded by LTH through the Green Transition initiative, Jonas Niklewski and Ivar Björnsson organized a course on “Teaching Sustainability for a Circular Built Environment”, which brought together 10 teachers from the Circular Building Sector profile area and educational developer Mirjam Glessmer. Over the last half year, the group met regularly and together worked on projects that will contribute at least eight courses in the LTH V-program directly – and hopefully many more indirectly.

Yesterday, at the course’s last meeting, many different, very practical, projects were presented, among others:

Changed criteria for what makes the best bridge model in the course VSMF05 Engineering Modelling: Analysis of Structures. While previously the goal of a practical bridge-building contest was to create a bridge that can hold the highest load, this year there was the additional requirement to do this using as little new material as possible! Student teams could “check out” timber building material (and return anything that wasn’t used), resulting in bridges that used approximately half of the materials as was used on average 2022-2024, while maintaining a similar failure load. Also, due to this new requirement while re-using old materials wasn’t limited, bridge designs became a lot more diverse and inventive than in previous years. This is a very interesting case to reflect on how external requirements shape design!
A study on how students are taught and introduced to the concept of Life-Cycle Analysis in the V-programme was carried out to know what can be assumed as prior knowledge and skills and built on in two courses in year 4 and 5 (VBEF50 CAD and BIM Applications in Construction & VBKN30 Timber Structures). This is based on questionnaires and interviews with teachers, which themselves resulted in many good conversations that already influenced another teacher to shape the framing in their course so it is easier for students to connect the content with other instruction later, and now will serve as a basis for what is taught in VBEF50 and VBKN30.
A closer cooperation between two different courses on concrete (VBKN05 Concrete Structures & VBMN10 Concrete in a Life-cycle Perspective), where mixtures with different climate footprints are developed and produced in one course (with the aim of testing beams cast using these mixture), and then those samples are assessed again in a later course (where focus is on assessing the materials durability and long-term performance).
Benchmarking: In a course which already contained multiple sustainability aspects (VBFN01 Sustainable Building Technology) benchmarking was done against a European best practice list of criteria for sustainable housing, and considerations on how circularity aspects can be highlighted further.
A roleplay in the course VBKF15 – Structural Engineering that will be run in May with the goal of engaging students in reflecting on and critically discussing the significant sustainability impacts that decisions taken by structural engineers and other built environment industry actors. The role plays focus on actual case studies and are intended to broaden student perspectives and highlight their role as sustainability leaders in their future careers.

Additionally, there were many ideas for how to continue working with sustainability and circularity in the whole V programme – for example with a portfolio that students add to throughout their studies.

The benefit to other courses will also come through the upcoming publication of project reports and their presentation at LTH’s Pedagogical Inspiration Conference (where we will also present more overarching take-aways from this course), as well as through the increased conversations between teachers.

Many of the course participants mentioned that they appreciated having a scheduled course to provide the space to talk about their teaching, being “forced” to read and discuss literature on teaching and learning, and how they enjoyed working collaboratively on improving their teaching. Now, after the end of this course, more teaching fikas are already in the planning – this time including also other interested colleagues!

Please let us know if you would like to be kept in the loop about presentations resulting from this project, and you are also very welcome to contact us if you would like to have a chat about what we learned and how that might be relevant for your teaching, or how you can make a course like this happen for you and your own colleagues*!


*another option is to join the next course on Teaching for Sustainability that will run at the Centre for Engineering Education this fall

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